Paper Title
Development of Field Rework Index for Optimization of The Construction Process: A Case Study of Surat City

Abstract
The construction industry has been criticized extensively for poor performance and inefficient productivity. A major factor contributing to this setback is rework. Rework is defined as the unnecessary effort of redoing an activity that was inaccurately done the first time. Rework is a major contributor to time wastage and schedule overruns which eventually influences cost, resources and quality. The rework emerges as overtime, the additional hiring of resources such as labor and plant workers, schedule slippage, and reductions in project scope and quality. The adverse consequences of rework include reduced profit, loss of market share, damaged reputation, increased turnover of management and workforce, lower productivity, higher costs, and finally, costly litigation between participants over responsibility for overruns and delays. This paper determines the causes of rework in the construction projects, as well as the impact of rework on project performance, specifically on project cost and time. Development of Field Rework Index (FRI) to reduce the occurrence of rework is also discussed in this paper. Index Terms- Rework, Field Rework Index (FRI), Importance Index (IMPI), Frequency Index and Severity