Paper Title
Viability of Waste Paper Sludge Ash in Concrete Production

Abstract
Abstract - Waste paper mill sludge is a major economic and environmental problem for the paper and board industry. Enormous quantities of waste paper sludge are generated all around the world. The material is a by-product of the de-inking and re-pulping of paper during the production of new papers, boards and recycled papers. The main recycling and disposal processes for the waste paper sludge are either as agricultural fertilizer where the sludge is dried and spread directly over agricultural land for its lime, incineration at the paper mills as a source of heat for the mill’s boilers, or simply transported and dumped onto public or private landfills. This study looked at the chemical, physical, and mineralogical characterization of the waste paper sludge ash (WPSA), from a South African source. The influence of the waste paper sludge ash on concrete incorporating 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 50% of the waste sludge were investigated with a constant water to binder ratio of 0.5.The results of the investigation conclude that WPSA is a viable cement extender and has potential for use in the construction industry. Keywords - Cement Replacement Material, Concrete, Properties, Waste Paper Sludge, WPSA